UNDERSTANDING WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH IPMA-NCA ANALYSIS OF MULTI-DIMENSIONAL INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

DOI: https://doie.org/10.65985/APER.2026547764

Authors:

Menka , Mohammad Junaid Alam

Keywords:

Women empowerment, IPMA, Necessary Condition Analysis, multi-dimensional interventions, development policy, gender equality

Abstract:

This study investigates the relative importance and performance of five key intervention domains which help in women empowerment through an integrated methodological framework combining Importance-Performance Map Analysis (IPMA) and Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA). Utilizing data from women beneficiaries, we examined Economic & Livelihood Support, Education & Skill Development, Healthcare & Sanitation, Legal Rights and Awareness, and Women's Safety & Security as predictor constructs. Results reveal that Education & Skill Development demonstrates the highest importance (0.211) alongside substantial performance (66.129), while Healthcare & Sanitation shows relatively lower importance (0.164) despite moderate performance levels. NCA findings indicate that Education & Skill Development (0.207) and Healthcare & Sanitation (0.233) represent critical necessary conditions, with their absence creating ceiling constraints on empowerment outcomes. The intercept value of 0.151 for Economic & Livelihood Support suggests baseline threshold effects. This dual-analytical approach provides nuanced insights for policymakers and development practitioners, emphasizing that while some factors drive empowerment (sufficiency perspective), others constitute indispensable prerequisites (necessity perspective). The findings advocate for strategic resource allocation prioritizing education and healthcare infrastructure while maintaining concurrent investments across all dimensions to achieve sustainable women empowerment outcomes.

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