Unlocking the potential of pharmaceutical supply chain using blockchain technology: A systematic Literature review

DOI: https://doie.org/10.10399/APER.2025118933

Authors:

Neeraj Sharma, Dr. Neetu Ahmed

Keywords:

Supply Chain, Supply Chain Management, Blockchain technology, pharmaceutical supply chain, counterfeit drugs, PRISMA

Abstract:

This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) to evaluate the current structure and challenges of the pharmaceutical supply chain in India and examines the role of blockchain technology (BCT) in enhancing efficiency, transparency, and sustainability. Out of 113 papers identified through five databases, 45 were shortlisted for detailed analysis. Findings suggest that BCT holds significant potential in addressing key issues such as counterfeit drugs, lack of transparency, and inefficient tracking. The review highlights blockchain's utility in drug traceability, data integrity, and automation through smart contracts. However, challenges remain in integration with legacy systems, scalability, absence of standardized protocols, and unclear regulatory frameworks. The paper also discusses current use cases of blockchain by various stakeholders and recent advancements in blockchain architecture and governance models aimed at overcoming existing limitations. The study concludes by emphasizing blockchain’s transformative potential in fostering end-to-end visibility and security across the pharmaceutical supply chain through collaborative engagement.

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